- Viral diseases
(e.g., HIV, HPV, EBV, Dengue, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile Virus, Ross River fever, Chikungunya, SARS-CoV2)
- Parasite diseases
(e.g., Malaria, Leishmaniasis, Schistosomiasis)
- Bacterial diseases
(e.g., ESKAPE pathogens, tuberculosis, non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, sepsis, UTI infections, scarlet fever, rheumatic heart disease, salmonellosis, chronic colonisation and infections)
- Fungal diseases
(e.g., Cryptococcosis) - Vector-borne diseases and interaction of infectious disease agents with vectors
- Emerging threats
(e.g., avian influenza, SARS coronaviruses, epidemic meningococcal diseases, Group A streptococci serotype M1T1)
- Antimicrobial resistance
(e.g., multi/extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis [MDR/XDR-TB], methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus [MRSA], extended spectrum β-lactamase resistant Gram negative-pathogens, XDR-Acinetobacter, vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE], Psudomonas aeruginosa etc.)
- The polymicrobial nature of infectious diseases and co-infections
- Host-pathogen communication and signalling
